![]() Swelling in the mouth, face, lips, tongue, and/or throat.Itchy, red, swollen, blistered and/or peeling skin.In the event that a patient experiences these side effects, they should immediately contact a doctor and/or go to the emergency room. Serious side effectsĪlthough rare, several severe side effects may occur following ibuprofen usage. Ibuprofen can sometimes cause the skin to become more sensitive to sunlight when used in gel, mousse, and spray forms. However, these side effects may still occur, particularly when the topical solution is applied to a larger area of the skin. These side effects are less commonly reported when ibuprofen is applied topically. When taken orally, ibuprofen usage is associated with several minor side effects. At this dose, ibuprofen can treat mild-to-moderate pain from headaches, sore muscles, dysmenorrhea, achy joints, and fever.Ĭonversely, when used to treat arthritis, ibuprofen can be prescribed at a total dose ranging from 1,200 to 3,200 mg per day in three or four doses. When used to treat general pain in adults, the recommended oral dosage of ibuprofen is 200 to 400 mg every four to six hours as needed. Ibuprofen can also be administered intravenously in a clinical setting. In most countries, ibuprofen is available as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug in the form of oral tablets, lipid-based soft capsules, suspensions, chewable tablets, and topical gels. ![]() Thus, the inhibition of this enzyme reduces the expression of various prostaglandin precursor molecules that are implicated in inflammation. Notably, the inhibition of COX-1 by ibuprofen is 2.5 times more potent than that of COX-2.ĬOX catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. COX-1 is expressed in most tissues and is important in maintaining homeostasis, protecting the gastric mucosa, platelet aggregation, and regulating circulation within the kidneys.Ĭonversely, COX-2, expressed in fewer tissues than COX-1, is induced by the activity of various proinflammatory cytokines. Ibuprofen is a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and (COX-2), both of which are isoforms of the COX enzyme. Image Credit: Danijela Maksimovic / Shutterstock Mechanism of action Ibuprofen is a medication in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class that is used for treating pain and fever. In addition to treating these acute symptoms, ibuprofen can also be used in the management of various inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.ĭespite the effective anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of ibuprofen, it is associated with numerous adverse effects that can cause significant damage to cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, and gastrointestinal (GI) tissues. Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is often used to reduce pain, tenderness, stiffness, and inflammation. By Neha Mathur Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc.
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